Progress of lipoxygenase in liver ischemia reperfusion injury / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the main causes of liver dysfunction or functional failure after liver transplantation or liver resection. As the main organ of lipid metabolism, liver is closely related to lipid metabolic balance. Lipoxygenase is a non-heme iron-containing oxidases that oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce hydroxy-eicosanotetraenoic acid. Lipoxygenase is excessively expressed during liver ischemia, causing lipid metabolic disorders. High expression of several proinflammatory cytokines induced by lipoxygenase during liver reperfusion. Lipid peroxidation induced by lipoxygenase leads to the production of lipid oxygen free radicals, which induces iron death mainly characterized by lipid peroxidation, thus affecting apoptosis and tissue damage. This review mainly introduces the latest progress of lipoxygenase in liver IRI.

Inhibition of subicular seizure-labeled c-fos+ neurons alleviates cognitive deficit in epilepsy / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Cognitive deficit is a com-mon comorbidity in temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)and that is not well controlled by current therapeutics.Currently,how epileptic seizure affects cognitive performance remains largely unclear.The subiculum is the major out-put of the hippocampus,which projects to entorhinal cor-tex and other more distinct brain regions.Physiologically,the subiculum codes spatial working memory and naviga-tion information including place,speed,and trajectory.Importantly,prior studies have noted the importance of the subiculum in the beginning,spreading,and generaliz-ing process of hippocampal seizure.How seizure-activated neurons in subiculum participate in cognitive impairment remains largely elusive.METHODS In this study,we sought to label the subicular seizure-activated c-fos+ neu-rons with a special promoter with enhanced synaptic activity-responsive element E-SARE in the subiculum,combined with chemogenetics and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs(DREADDs),Ca2+ fiber photometry approaches,and behavioral tasks,to reveal the role of these neurons in cognitive impairment in epilepsy.RESULTS We found that chemogenetic inhibi-tion of subicular seizure-tagged c-fos+ neurons(mainly CaMK Ⅱ α+ glutamatergic neurons)alleviates seizure generalization and improves cognitive performance in the hippocampal CA3 kindling TLE model.While inhibition of seizure-labeled c-fos+ GABAergic interneuron shows no effect on seizure and cognition.As a comparison,che-mogenetic inhibition of the whole subicular CaMK Ⅱ α+ neuron impairs cognitive function in na?ve mice in basal condition.Notably,inhibition of subicular seizure-tagged c-fos+ neurons enhances the recruitment of cognition-responsive c-fos+ neurons via increasing neural excitability during cognition tasks.CONCLUSION Our results dem-onstrate that subicular seizure-activated c-fos+ neurons contribute to cognitive impairment in TLE,suggesting sei-zure-tagged c-fos+ neurons as the potential therapeutic target to alleviate cognitive impairment in TLE.

Peptic ulcer bleeding in the elderly and analysis of its correlation with Helicobacter pylori infection / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the risk factors of bleeding in elderly patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and its correlation with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with PUD bleeding. Methods A total of 418 elderly PUD patients admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected. The 13C-urea breath test was used to determine HP infection. PUD patients were divided into observation group (n=87, bleeding) and control group (n=331, no bleeding). Age, sex, ulcer number, ulcer location, ulcer stage, ulcer diameter and other clinical data were collected. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of bleeding in elderly PUD patients. The Forrest classification was used to evaluate the severity of PUD bleeding patients. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between Forrest classification and Hp infection in elderly PUD bleeding patients. Results There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the course of disease, PUD history, NSAIDs application/ulcer number, ulcer diameter, ulcer location, ulcer stage, Hp infection and NSAIDs application (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the use of NSAIDs, active ulcer, Hp infection and ulcer diameter ≥2 cm were risk factors for bleeding in elderly patients with PUD (P<0.05). The Hp positive rate in Forrest I patients was significantly higher than that in Forrest II and Forrest III patients (P<0.05). The positive rate of Hp in Forrest II patients was significantly higher than that in Forrest III patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Hp infection was positively correlated with the severity of peptic ulcer bleeding in the elderly (r=0.512, P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of bleeding from PUD is higher in the elderly, especially in patients with active ulcer, Hp infection and ulcer diameter ≥ 2 cm. In the treatment process of PUD patients, the eradication therapy of Hp should be emphasized, which can reduce the risk of bleeding.

Research Progress of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia by Activating PPARα Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Hyperlipidemia is a dyslipidemia caused by dyslipidemia of lipid metabolism， which can be divided into primary and secondary types. The current clinical diagnostic criteria are mainly changes in lipid levels， which are the inducers of high-risk cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis， pancreatitis and coronary heart disease. As a key target in lipid metabolism， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα） is involved in a variety of metabolic activities， including fatty acid degradation， synthesis， transport， storage， lipoprotein metabolism， etc. Activation of PPARα can maintain the balance of lipid metabolism through a variety of ways， which is an important way to treat hyperlipidemia. At present， chemical drugs such as statins and bettes are mainly used in the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia. Although they can slow down the disease to a certain extent， there are many adverse reactions and drug resistance. By reviewing the literature in recent years， the author found that the activation of PPARα pathway by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia has significant effect and small adverse reactions. The lipid-lowering active ingredients include flavonoids， alkaloids， phenols， terpenoids and other compounds. These active components mainly affect the expression of downstream effectors through the activation of PPARα pathway， thereby inhibiting the synthesis of total cholesterol and promoting fatty acid oxidation， and play a role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In this paper， we systematically reviewed the structure types and mechanism of active components of traditional Chinese medicine that activate PPARα pathway， so as to provide guidance for the rational development and clinical application of lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine new drugs.

Pathogenesis of Bone Metastasis-caused Pain and Its Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Bone metastasis-caused pain （BMP） is a common complication of cancer， and the incidence has been on the rise with the increase in the overall prevalence of cancer， threatening the survival and quality of life of patients. BMP is a kind of special pain with the characteristics of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain， but is different from the two. Therefore， its pathogenesis is very complicated， and it is of great significance to understand the pathogenesis. The currently available studies mainly focused on osteoclast activation， changes in the bone microenvironment， glial cell activation， spinal cord neuron activation， and miRNA dysregulation. Modern therapies include the three-step analgesics， bisphosphonates， palliative radiotherapy， and interventional therapy for bone metastases， which show definite efficacy in short term. However， the long-term effect is unsatisfactory due to the adverse reactions， addiction， and drug resistance. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has definite curative effect on BMP， which is safe， enhances efficacy， reduces toxicity， and boosts immunity. Moreover， it exerts the effect through multiple components， multiple targets， and multiple pathways. As a result， it has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of BMP and has become a research focus. This paper summarizes the research on the pathogenesis of BMP， the intervention of TCM （compound Chinese medicine prescriptions， Chinese medicinals， and monomers from Chinese medicinals）， and the mechanisms of TCM， such as inhibiting osteoclast activation， glial cell activation， and spinal cord neuron activation， regulating pain mediators and abnormal expression of microRNA， and anti-tumor， which is expected to further clarify the pathogenesis of BMP and provide ideas and methods for the effective prevention and treatment of BMP with TCM.

Melatonin alleviates alcoholic liver disease via EGFR-BRG1-TERT axis regulation

Chronic alcohol consumption causes liver steatosis, cell death, and inflammation. Melatonin (MLT) is reported to alleviate alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-induced injury. However, its direct regulating targets in hepatocytes are not fully understood. In the current study, a cell-based screening model and a chronic ethanol-fed mice ALD model were used to test the protective mechanisms of MLT. MLT ameliorated ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury in both cell and animal models (optimal doses of 10 μmol/L and 5 mg/kg, respectively), including lowered liver steatosis, cell death, and inflammation. RNA-seq analysis and loss-of-function studies in AML-12 cells revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) was a key downstream effector of MLT. Biophysical assay found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the hepatocyte surface was a direct binding and regulating target of MLT. Liver specific knock-down of Tert or Egfr in the ALD mice model impaired MLT-mediated liver protection, partly through the regulation of nuclear brahma-related gene-1 (BRG1). Long-term administration (90 days) of MLT in healthy mice did not cause evident adverse effect. In conclusion, MLT is an efficacious and safe agent for ALD alleviation. Its direct regulating target in hepatocytes is EGFR and downstream BRG1-TERT axis. MLT might be used as a complimentary agent for alcoholics.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute on chronic liver failure in patients with recompensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To assess the clinical characteristics of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with recompensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis. Methods A total of 180 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure hospitalized in Tianjin Third Central Hospital from September 2013 to September 2021 were retrospectively collected, with 110 patients had compensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis and 70 patients had compensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis and used as the control. Their causes, clinical biochemical indicators, complication rate, and prognosis were compared. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was performed for analysis of the continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier curves and Log-rank test were used for survival of patients. Results The incidence of hepatorenal syndrome ( χ 2 =4.618, P =0.032), infection ( χ 2 =6.712, P =0.010), Cr ( Z =-4.508, P < 0.001), and PCT ( Z =-2.052, P =0.040) were all higher, whereas GGT ( Z =-2.042, P =0.041), Na ( Z =-2.001, P =0.045), FBS ( Z =-3.065, P =0.002), and TC ( Z =-4.268, P < 0.001) were all lower in the recompensation group than in the control group of patients. However, 90-day mortality rate ( χ 2 =3.366, P =0.067) and 1-year mortality rate ( χ 2 =1.893, P =0.169), 90-day survival ( χ 2 =2.68, P =0.100), and 1-year survival ( χ 2 =2.074, P =0.150) were not statistically significant difference. Conclusion Compared with compensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis, patients with recompensatory cirrhosis had an increased risk in developing hepatorenal syndrome, infection, and increased creatinine level after acute-on-chronic liver failure, although there was no statistically significant difference in 90-days and 1-year survival of patients.

Clinical study on the treatment of gastrointestinal neurosis with insomnia by combination of "stomach ten acupuncture" and domperidone tablets / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study on the effect of "stomach ten acupuncture" combined with domperidone tablets on clinical symptoms and sleep quality of gastrointestinal neurosis patients with insomnia based on the theory of "stomach harmonious leading to restless".Methods:Randomized controlled trial. From March 2020 to March 2021, 98 patients with gastrointestinal neurosis and insomnia in our hospital who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, with 49 patients in each group. The control group took domperidone tablets orally, and the observation group was treated with "stomach ten acupuncture" on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, TCM syndromes were scored, the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms was assessed with Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), anxiety and depression were assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and sleep quality was assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI).Results:After treatment, the scores and total scores of epigastric pain, belching, abdominal distension, anorexia, noisy acid regurgitation, tiredness and asthenia, constipation and loose stools in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 19.61, 19.30, 23.10, 22.05, 20.43, 21.81, 20.51, 16.38, respectively, P<0.01); the scores and total scores of typical symptoms, abdominal pain symptoms, reflux symptoms, diarrhea symptoms, constipation symptoms were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 10.10, 11.14, 11.04, 9.31, 11.24, 5.30, respectively, P<0.01); HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 6.96 and 6.85, respectively, P<0.01). The scores of time to fall asleep (1.15 ± 0.56 vs. 2.11 ± 0.75, t=7.18), time to sleep (0.92 ± 0.63 vs. 1.52 ± 1.12, t=3.27), sleep quality (1.02 ± 0.66 vs. 1.96 ± 0.80, t=6.35), sleep efficiency (0.86 ± 0.62 vs. 1.68 ± 0.85, t=5.46), sleep disorders (0.92 ± 0.36 vs. 1.48 ± 0.55, t=5.96), daytime dysfunction (0.96 ± 0.42 vs. 1.97 ± 0.87, t=7.32), hypnotics (0.98 ± 0.45 vs. 1.81 ± 0.62, t=7.58) and total scores (6.85 ± 1.47 vs. 12.73 ± 2.95, t=12.49) were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The "stomach ten acupuncture" combined with domperidone tablets can improve the clinical symptoms and sleep quality of gastrointestinal neurosis patients with insomnia.

Correlation between serum albumin and outcomes of successful recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy in patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum albumin and hypoalbuminemia (HA) and the outcome after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (EMT) in patients with stroke caused by acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.Methods:Stroke patients caused by acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion received EMT treatment at the Department of Emergency Stroke, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from June 2020 to August 2022 were retrospectively included. The demographic information, baseline clinical data, endovascular treatment parameters, and clinical outcomes of the patients were collected. HA was defined as serum albumin <35 g/L within 24 h of admission, and poor outcome was defined as the modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 90 d after onset. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent influencing factors for poor outcomes. Results:A total of 177 patients were included, with a median age of 66 years, and 126 (71.19%) were males. Thirty-nine patients (22.03%) had HA, and 119 (67.23%) had poor outcomes. The proportion of pulmonary infection in the HA group was significantly higher than that in the non-HA group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower serum albumin (odds ratio [ OR] 4.102, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.316-16.451; P=0.028), postprocedural neurological deterioration ( OR 6.326, 95% CI 1.263-48.318; P=0.042) and pulmonary infection ( OR 5.873, 95% CI 1.028-24.452; P=0.018) were significantly independently associated with the poor outcomes. Conclusions:The HA group has a higher incidence of postprocedural pulmonary infection. Lower serum albumin, postprocedural neurological deterioration and pulmonary infection are the independent risk factors for the poor outcomes in patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke who had successful recanalization after EMT.

A multicenter clinical study of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalization of children with bronchiolitis / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:In order to explore the impact of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)on the hospitalization of children with bronchiolitis and to improve clinicians′ understanding of the characteristics of bronchiolitis during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:This was a multicenter clinical study, and the data have been collected from 23 children′s medical centers in China.All the clinical data were retrospectively collected from children with bronchiolitis who were hospitalized at each study center from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021.The results included gender, age at hospitalization, length of stay, respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) test results, severity rating, ICU treatment, and the total number of children hospitalized with respiratory tract infection during the same period.The clinical data of children with bronchiolitis in 2019 before COVID-19 epidemic and in 2020、2021 during COVID-19 epidemic were statistically analyzed and compared.Results:According to a summary of data provided by 23 children′s medical centers, there were 4 909 cases of bronchiolitis in 2019, 2 654 cases in 2020, and 3 500 cases in 2021.Compared with 2019, the number of bronchiolitis cases decreased by 45.94% in 2020 and 28.70% in 2021.In 2019, 2020 and 2021, there were no significant differences in gender ratio, age, and duration of hospitalization.Compared with 2019, the ratio of bronchiolitis to the total number of hospitalizations for respiratory tract infection decreased significantly in 2020 and 2021( χ2=12.762, P<0.05; χ2=84.845, P<0.05).The proportion of moderate to severe bronchiolitis cases in both 2020 and 2021 was lower than that in 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.054, P<0.05; χ2=8.109, P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of bronchiolitis cases requiring ICU treatment between 2019, 2020, and 2021 ( χ2=1.914, P>0.05).In 2019, a total of 52.60%(2 582/4 909) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and among them, there were 708 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 28.00%.In 2020, 54.14%(1 437/2 654) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and there were 403 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 28.04%.In 2021, 66.80%(2 238/3 500) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and there were 935 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 41.78%.Compared with 2019 and 2020, the RSV positive rate in 2021 showed a significant increase( χ2=99.673, P<0.05; χ2=71.292, P<0.05). Conclusion:During the COVID-19 epidemic, the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures reduced the hospitalization rate and severity of bronchiolitis, but did not reduce the positive rate of RSV detection.

Piroctone olamine disrupts mitochondrial dynamics in glioma cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects of piroctone olamine (PO) on glioma cells and explore the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#Human glioma cell lines U251 and U373 were treated with PO and the changes in cell proliferation were detected using CCK-8 assay and EdU assay. Clone formation assay and flow cytometry were used to examine the changes in clone formation ability and apoptosis of the treated cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells and morphological changes of the mitochondria were detected using JC-1 staining and a fluorescence probe, respectively. The expressions of mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 and the fusion protein OPA1 were determined with Western blotting. Transcriptome sequencing and differential gene enrichment analysis was performed, and the expression levels of PI3K, AKT and p-AKT in the treated cells were verified using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#CCK-8 assay showed that PO significantly inhibited the proliferation of U251 and U373 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). EdU test showed that the proliferative activity of PO-treated cells was significantly decreased, and the number of cell colonies also decreased significantly (P < 0.01). PO treatment significantly increased apoptotic rates (P < 0.01), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and caused obvious changes in mitochondrial morphology of the cells. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the PI3K/AKT pathway, which was verified by Western blotting showing significantly down-regulated expression levels of PI3K, AKT and p-AKT in PO-treated cells (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#PO interferes with mitochondrial fusion and fission function through the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and increasing apoptosis of glioma cells.

Analysis of the status of occupational disease prevention and control of enterprises in mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases among mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019, provide the scientific basis for the formulation and revision of policies and standards of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods: In May 2022, Collecting data of a project named Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2019 through the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace. Compare the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in 63 563 enterprises of mining and manufacturing industries among different dimensions. Results: The training rate of managers was 76.17% and that of occupational health managers was 76.97%. The rate of reporting of occupational diseases hazardous items was 67.58%, the rate of launching of the detection of occupational hazards was 57.16%, and the rate of launching of occupational health examination was 62.42%. Excluding the distribution rate of dust mask, the installation rate of various occupational prevention facilities and the distribution rate of gas mask and hearing protector were less than 80%. The differences in all the indicators among different areas, enterprise scales, economic types were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There are still some enterprises which are relatively weak in the ability of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in China. Measures such as special support, guidance and strengthen supervision should be taken towards those enterprises toimprove the awareness of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the level of that.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton immunotherapy for cervical high-risk HPV persistent infection / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) in the treatment of persistent cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Methods: A randomized, double blind, multi-center trial was conducted. A total of 688 patients with clinically and pathologically confirmed HR-HPV infection of the cervix diagnosed in 13 hispital nationwide were recruited and divided into: (1) patients with simple HR-HPV infection lasting for 12 months or more; (2) patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ and HR-HPV infection lasting for 12 months or more; (3) patients with the same HR-HPV subtype with no CINⅡ and more lesions after treatment with CINⅡ or CIN Ⅲ (CINⅡ/CIN Ⅲ). All participants were randomly divided into the test group and the control group at a ratio of 2∶1. The test group was locally treated with Nr-CWS freeze-dried powder and the control group was treated with freeze-dried powder without Nr-CWS. The efficacy and negative conversion rate of various subtypes of HR-HPV were evaluated at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after treatment. The safety indicators of initial diagnosis and treatment were observed. Results: (1) This study included 555 patients with HR-HPV infection in the cervix (included 368 in the test group and 187 in the control group), with an age of (44.1±10.0) years. The baseline characteristics of the two groups of subjects, including age, proportion of Han people, weight, composition of HR-HPV subtypes, and proportion of each subgroup, were compared with no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). (2) After 12 months of treatment, the effective rates of the test group and the control group were 91.0% (335/368) and 44.9% (84/187), respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=142.520, P<0.001). After 12 months of treatment, the negative conversion rates of HPV 16, 18, 52, and 58 infection in the test group were 79.2% (84/106), 73.3% (22/30), 83.1% (54/65), and 77.4% (48/62), respectively. The control group were 21.6% (11/51), 1/9, 35.1% (13/37), and 20.0% (8/40), respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.001). (3) There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs (body weight, body temperature, respiration, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, etc.) and laboratory routine indicators (blood cell analysis, urine routine examination) between the test group and the control group before treatment and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after treatment (all P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions related to the investigational drug between the two groups of subjects [8.7% (32/368) vs 8.0% (15/187), respectively; χ2=0.073, P=0.787]. Conclusion: External use of Nr-CWS has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of high-risk HPV persistent infection in the cervix.

Knowledge graph analysis of pyroptosis research in traditional Chinese medicine based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace / 中国中药杂志

To explore the research hotspots and frontier directions of pyroptosis in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the authors searched CNKI and Web of Science for literature related to pyroptosis in TCM, screened literature according to the search strategy and inclusion criteria, and analyzed the publication trend of the included literature. VOSviewer was used to draw author cooperation and keyword co-occurrence network diagrams, and CiteSpace was employed for keyword clustering, emergence, and timeline view. Finally, 507 Chinese literature and 464 English literature were included, and it was found that the number of Chinese and English literature was increasing rapidly year by year. The co-occurrence of the authors showed that in terms of Chinese literature, there was a representative research team composed of DU Guan-hua, WANG Shou-bao and FANG Lian-hua, and for English literature, the representative research team was composed of XIAO Xiao-he, BAI Zhao-fang and XU Guang. The network visualization of Chinese and English keywords revealed that inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, organ damage, fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury were the primary research diseases and pathological processes in TCM; berberine, resveratrol, puerarin, na-ringenin, astragaloside Ⅳ, and baicalin were the representative active ingredients; NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD, TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3, and p38/MAPK signaling pathways were the main research pathways. Keyword clustering, emergence, and timeline analysis indicated that the pyroptosis research in TCM focused on the mechanism of TCM monomers and compounds intervening in diseases and pathological processes. Pyroptosis is a research hotspot in the area of TCM, and the current discussion mainly focuses on the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of TCM.

The short-term outcomes of non-contact low frequency ultrasonic debridement in treating periprosthetic joint infections:a prospective single-arm clinical study / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the short-term outcomes of non-contact low-frequency ultrasonic debridement in treating periprosthetic joint infections(PJI). Methods: The clinical data of patients with PJI who met the eligibility criteria and were treated with non-contact low-frequency ultrasonic debridement from August 2021 to January 2022 at the Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were prospectively analyzed. PJI was defined according to the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria in 2016. After mechanical debridement,an 8-mm handheld non-contact low-frequency ultrasound probe was used for ultrasonic debridement in the whole surgical area at a frequency of (25±5)kHz and power of 90% for 5 minutes. Each ultrasound lasted 10 seconds with 3-second intervals. The probe was repeatedly sonicated among all soft tissue,bone interface and metal prosthesis surface(patients underwent debridement,antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR)) in the surgical area. The femoral canal of the hip joint,the distal femoral canal and the posterior capsule of the knee were fully sonicated with a special right-angle probe. Before and after ultrasonic debridement,20 ml of liquid was extracted from each operation area and injected into aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles,respectively,for pathogen culture. Harris hip score and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score were used to evaluate clinical function. Treatment failure was defined as the recurrence of infection in the same joint. The patients were routinely followed up in the outpatient clinic at 1,3,and 6 months postoperatively and then annually with a deadline of August 2022. The paired t-test,rank sum,Mann-Whitney U or χ2 test was used to compare the observed data,and rates among multiple groups were compared using the Bonferroni approach. Results: A total of 45 patients were included in the study,including 21 men and 24 women with age of (65.8±15.2)years(range: 20 to 80 years) and body mass index of (29.3±4.2)kg/m2(range: 20.2 to 38.5 kg/m2). Twenty-eight patients (18 hips and 10 knees) underwent one-stage revision,and 17 cases (5 hips and 12 knees) underwent DAIR. Three of the patients (6.7%) had recurrent infections during follow-up. There were no intraoperative complications related to ultrasonic debridement (neurovascular and muscle injury,poor wound healing and fat liquefaction). Seventeen patients who received DAIR were followed for a median(M(IQR)) of 9(3) months,and two relapsed 3 weeks and 3 months post-operation,respectively. In addition,28 patients who underwent one-stage revision were followed for a median of 9(2) months,and one of the patients (3.6%,1/28) had a recurrence 6 months post-operation. The culture-positive rate of preoperative aspiration was 47.6% (20/42). The data of intraoperative soft tissue culture was 86.7% (39/45). The culture-positive rate of wound liquid before ultrasonic debridement was 46.7% (21/45). And the culture-positive rate after ultrasonic debridement was (75.6% (34/45)). After sonication,the culture-positive rate of explanted prostheses was 88.9% (40/45). There was a significant difference in culture-positive rates among all five cultures (χ2=35.483,P<0.01). Further pairwise comparison showed that the culture-positive rate of wound liquid after ultrasonic debridement was higher than that before ultrasonic debridement (χ2=7.901,P=0.005) but was not significantly different from the positive rates of other cultures (all P>0.05). The median number of colonies 24 hours after ultrasonic debridement(2 240 (1 310) CFU/ml,range: 310 to 3 140 CFU/ml) was significantly higher than that before debridement(450 (550) CFU/ml,range: 10 to 910 CFU/ml) (U=43, P=0.017). The post-operative Harris ((78.6±4.2)points,range:70.5 to 85.3 points) and HSS scores((76.4±4.8)points,range: 68.5 to 84.3 points) were significantly higher than the preoperative scores((46.0±9.8)points,range: 27.5 to 64.3 points;and (45.5±10.3)points,range: 27.6 to 63.1 points) (t=-14.6,t=-12.7;both P<0.01). Conclusions: Non-contact low-frequency ultrasonic debridement can increase the culture-positive rate and lead to a favorable short-term outcome. In addition,no complications are associated with using this new technique to treat PJI.

Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a clinical analysis of four cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical features and treatment strategies of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of four children with MIS-C who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical Universityfrom January to February 2023.@*RESULTS@#All four children had multiple organ involvements and elevated inflammatory markers, with a poor response to standard therapy for Kawasaki disease after admission. Two children were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy pulse therapy twice, and all four children were treated with glucocorticoids. The children had a good prognosis after the treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MIS-C often appears within 4-6 weeks or a longer time after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and anti-inflammatory therapy in addition to the standard treatment regimen for Kawasaki disease can help to achieve a favorable treatment outcome.

A prospective study of genetic screening of 2 060 neonates by high-throughput sequencing / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the value of genetic screening by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for the early diagnosis of neonatal diseases.@*METHODS@#A total of 2 060 neonates born at Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital from March to September 2021 were selected as the study subjects. All neonates had undergone conventional tandem mass spectrometry metabolite analysis and fluorescent immunoassay analysis. HTS was carried out to detect the definite pathogenic variant sites with high-frequency of 135 disease-related genes. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).@*RESULTS@#Among the 2 060 newborns, 31 were diagnosed with genetic diseases, 557 were found to be carriers, and 1 472 were negative. Among the 31 neonates, 5 had G6PD, 19 had hereditary non-syndromic deafness due to variants of GJB2, GJB3 and MT-RNR1 genes, 2 had PAH gene variants, 1 had GAA gene variants, 1 had SMN1 gene variants, 2 had MTTL1 gene variants, and 1 had GH1 gene variants. Clinically, 1 child had Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 1 had Glycogen storage disease II, 2 had congenital deafness, and 5 had G6PD deficiency. One mother was diagnosed with SMA. No patient was detected by conventional tandem mass spectrometry. Conventional fluorescence immunoassay had revealed 5 cases of G6PD deficiency (all positive by genetic screening) and 2 cases of hypothyroidism (identified as carriers). The most common variants identified in this region have involved DUOX2 (3.93%), ATP7B (2.48%), SLC26A4 (2.38%), GJB2 (2.33%), PAH (2.09%) and SLC22A5 genes (2.09%).@*CONCLUSION@#Neonatal genetic screening has a wide range of detection and high detection rate, which can significantly improve the efficacy of newborn screening when combined with conventional screening and facilitate secondary prevention for the affected children, diagnosis of family members and genetic counseling for the carriers.

Observation of early clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopy technique in the treatment of lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate early clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopy technique for the treatment of lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases.@*METHODS@#Fourteen patients with lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases were treated with unilateral biportal endoscopy technique from June 2019 to June 2020. Among them, there were 9 males and 5 females, aged from 52 to 73 years old, and the interval between primary and revision operations ranged from 19 to 64 months. Adjacent segmental degeneration occurred after lumbar fusion in 10 patients and after lumbar nonfusion fixation in 4 patients. All the patients received unilateral biportal endoscopy assisted posterior unilateral lamina decompression or unilateral approach to the contralateral decompression. The operation time, postoperative hospital stay and complications were observed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score were recorded before operation and at 3 days, 3 months, and 6 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#All procedures were successfully completed. Surgical duration ranged from 32 to 151 min. Postoperative CT showed adequate decompression and preservation of most joints. Out of bed walking 1 to 3 days after surgery, postoperative hospital stay was 1 to 8 days, and postoperative follow-up was 6 to 11 months. All 14 patients returned to normal life within 3 weeks after surgery, and VAS, ODI, and mJOA scores improved significantly at 3 days and 3, 6 months after surgery. One patient occurred cerebrospinal fluid leak after operation, received local compression suture, and the wound healed after conservative treatment. One patient occurred postoperative cauda equina neurologic deficit, which was gradually recovered about 1 month after rehabilitation therapy. One patients advented transient pain of lower limbs after surgery, and the symptoms were relieved after 7 days of treatment with hormones, dehydration drugs and symptomatic management.@*CONCLUSION@#Unilateral biportal endoscopy technique has a good early clinical efficacy in the treatment of lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases, which may provide a new minimally invasive, non-fixation option for the treatment of adjacent segment disease.

Hemophagocytic Syndrome Secondary to Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patient:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with compromised immunity are prone to hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to opportunistic infections.This paper reports a rare case of hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to human parvovirus B19 infection in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient,and analyzes the clinical characteristics,aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Cloning and expression profile of ZFP36L1 gene in goat / 生物工程学报

The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the ZFP36L1 (zinc finger protein 36-like 1) gene, clarify its expression characteristics, and elucidate its expression patterns in different tissues of goats. Samples of 15 tissues from Jianzhou big-eared goats, including heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were collected. Goat ZFP36L1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), then the gene and protein sequence were analyzed by online tools. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of ZFP36L1 in intramuscular preadipocytes in different tissues and adipocytes of goat at different differentiation stages. The results showed that the length of ZFR36L1 gene was 1 224 bp, and the coding sequence (CDS) region was 1 017 bp, encoding 338 amino acids, which was a non-secretory unstable protein mainly located in nucleus and cytoplasm. Tissue expression profile showed that ZFP36L1 gene was expressed in all selected tissues. In visceral tissues, the small intestine showed the highest expression level (P < 0.01). In muscle tissue, the highest expression level was presented in longissimus dorsi muscle (P < 0.01), whereas the expression level in subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly higher than that in other tissues (P < 0.01). The results of induced differentiation showed that the expression of this gene was up-regulated during adipogenic differentiation of intramuscular precursor adipocytes (P < 0.01). These data may help to clarify the biological function of the ZFP36L1 gene in goat.